What is the flattest state in the united states - I read somewhere that, contrary to popular belief, Kansas is not the flattest state in the US. Instead, Florida is the flattest, and Kansas was several notches further down the list. (Update: Nevertheless, Kansas is literally flatter than a pancake. ... 7 thoughts on " Flattest US states " Leopold Bushkin. 29 December 2018 at 17:13

 
The least-flat-seeming states: West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky. What is the flattest state in United States? All that said, however, the flattest state in the United States, by a wide margin, is the peninsular state of Florida. Framed by the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, the Sunshine State is astoundingly flat.. Let a hoe know i ain't sharing

Dear Tom, What is the flattest state in the United States? And the most mountainous? — Thomas Majora, Chicago Dear Thomas, Most people will guess that Kansas is the flattest state among the 50, but it’s not. The flattest is Florida, and Kansas isn’t even among the five flattest. In order of flatness... Sep 25, 2015 · Post by GaliWalker onSep 25, 2015 at 6:32am. Florida won, while "flat as a pancake" Kansas was only the 7th flattest, behind Florida, Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Delaware. What I found most surprising though was that West Virginia (which I hike in quite a bit) is the least flattest! However, it doesn't even rank in the top 5. The flattest state is Florida, owing to its Coastal Plain setting with no mountains. Yes, Illinois ranks second, followed by North Dakota, Minnesota, Louisiana, and Delaware. Kansas ranks seventh, followed by Texas, Nevada, and Indiana. It might also be a perception that the least flat state might ...North Dakota is not quite the flattest state in the U.S., but it's pretty close. (In one analysis, it placed third, after Illinois and Florida.) During the last Ice Age, glaciers moving across the ...United States, country in North America that is a federal republic of 50 states. Besides the 48 conterminous states that occupy the middle latitudes of the continent, the United States includes the state of Alaska, at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii, in the mid-Pacific Ocean.But mathematically, you can measure the actual flatness, which local researchers from Kansas University did using geomorphometric analysis. Here are the results: #1 flattest state: Florida. #2 flattest state: Illinois. #3 flattest state: North Dakota. #4 flattest state: Louisiana. #5 flattest state: Minnesota. #6 flattest state: Delaware.Aug 1, 2017 · Most people will guess that Kansas is the flattest state among the 50, but it's not. The flattest is Florida, and Kansas isn't even among the five flattest. leehawkins • 6 yr. ago • Edited 6 yr. ago. Route 66 (I-40 from Barstow to OKC) is probably the flattest path across the country. There are no high passes because you're just south of the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. Some hills can be big in Appalachia, but you can avoid them if you go between the ridges on I-81.3 Sept 2015 ... 1. Florida is the flattest state in the U.S.. 2. Florida is the only state that has two rivers that have the same name. There ...California was No. 2, Illinois No. 3, Florida No. 4 and Pennsylvania No. 5. Yet it’s clear from this list that the most corrupt states are also the states with the biggest populations. Per ...Feb 2, 2023 · Outline Map. Key Facts. Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee borders it to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the West. The northern part of the state lies within the Appalachian Mountains, while the southern part lies within the ... Google maps can show you the elevation for a bike route, but if you're planning a cross country road trip in an RV, you may want to explore the flattest travel routes across America in any state or country. Check out the flattest state in the U.S. You can also use this site to find the highest elevation point in any city, state, or country.Aug 2, 2017 · What is the flattest state in the United States? And the most mountainous? — Thomas Majora, Chicago Dear Thomas, Most people will guess that Kansas is the flattest state among the 50, but it’s ... The report also found that women are outperforming their male counterparts as the healthiest sex when it comes to BMI (47.9 per cent compared to 65.4 per cent), blood pressure (10.8 per cent to 14.8 per cent), diabetes (4 per cent to 5.8 per cent) and smoking prevalence (13.8 per cent to 18.1 per cent).Considered one of the four regions of the US census bureau, the Midwest, or the Midwestern United States, is located in the northern central part of the country. This populated area of the United States has a significant history and its location contributes to a lot of noteworthy moments that occurred over the course of history.What are the flattest states of the United States? Flattest here is defined simply as the lowest average slope angle over full state areas (including inland...It is a common misconception that Kansas is the flattest state in the nation—in 2003, a tongue-in-cheek study famously declared the state "flatter than a pancake". In fact, Kansas has a maximum topographic relief of 3,360 ft (1,020 m), making it the 23rd flattest U.S. state measured by maximum relief. Features Rivers Which is the blackest state? States with the Highest Black Population Texas has the highest Black population in the United States of 3,936,669, about 14% of Texas’s total population. Texas is the second-most diverse state in the U.S. Following Texas is Florida with 3,867,495 (18%), New York with 3,763,977 (19%), and Georgia with 3,549,349 (34%).Jan 25, 2023 · Florida is the flattest state in the United States of America. Florida is so flat in fact that its highest point is the lowest high point of any state in the USA. At just 345 feet, Britton Hill ... 28 July 2014 ... That makes it the largest salt flat in the world, more than 20 times bigger than America's largest, in Death Valley. In all of Salar de Uyuni, ...Examine the differences between the flooded river valley east coast versus the tectonic-shaped west coast. Use this map to identify effects of glaciation, particularly Coteau de Prairies in South Dakota and the Driftless Area in southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa. Examine the extent of Mississippi floodplain and Nebraska sandhills.Why Is Florida So Flat? By Paul Arnold May 31, 2022. Because sea levels maxed out at 230 feet high, most of Florida would maxes out at 230 feet high, making it so the state is relatively flat. Florida is the flattest state in the nation because it is the highest point in the State isn’t only 345 feet above sea level.By any measure, Florida takes the prize for the flattest state in the nation because the highest point in the state is only 345 feet above sea level. Then Illinois, North Dakota, ... lush greenery, and the most dense urban tree coverage of …2 days ago · New Mexico, constituent state of the United States of America. It became the 47th state of the union in 1912. New Mexico ranks fifth among the 50 U.S. states in terms of total area and is bounded by Colorado to the north, Oklahoma and Texas to the east, Texas and the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora to the south, and Arizona (which was part of the Territory of New Mexico from 1850 to ... According to the analysis, and agreeing with reality, Florida is both the flattest and flattest-looking state. Next up are Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota, Delaware, Kansas and... Alexa quickly responded with, “By any measure, Florida takes the prize for the flattest state in the nation [along with its flat-earth thinking, of late] ...Florida, Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, and Minnesota are the flattest states. These are the hardest hikes in each and what makes them challenging.Feb 2, 2023 · Outline Map. Key Facts. Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee borders it to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the West. The northern part of the state lies within the Appalachian Mountains, while the southern part lies within the ... What are the flattest places on Earth oceanography? After the rise comes the abyssal plain , or the deep ocean floor, lying between 4500 – 6000 m. The abyssal plain includes most of the ocean floor, and is the flattest region on Earth. What are the flattest states? Flattest States in the United States. Florida. Illinois. North Dakota ...In it they listed the top five flattest states. Kansas wasn't one of them. The flattest state is Florida. The most mountainous state? Well, it isn't Colorado. It's West Virginia.The Federated States of Micronesia, Cook Islands, Niue and Tonga round out the top five, all with a portly population of over 90%. The U.S. weighs in at No. 9, with 74.1% of those over 15 years ...Texas. Indiana. Nevada. Minnesota. Delaware. Those are the flattest states in the United States. Kansas, is also a very flat state. Also Read: Top 10 American States With The Highest IQ 2022. Subscribe To Our YouTube Channel.The United States is made up of 50 individual states that vary greatly in size. When talking about land area, Rhode Island ranks as the smallest. Yet, when we discuss population, Wyoming—the 10th largest state by area—comes in with the smallest population. All information used in this article is from World Atlas. Florida is the flattest, and lowest high point of any state in the United States at just 345 feet (105 meters). It is also the southeasternmost U.S. state, ...Apr 22, 2020 · Which is the flattest state in the United States? The flattest is Florida, and Kansas isn’t even among the five flattest. In order of flatness: Florida, Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota, Delaware, Kansas. Flattest States [Updated May 2023] Florida 345 Kentucky 388 Delaware 450 Louisiana 542 Mississippi 807 Rhode Island 814 Indiana 935 Illinois 958 Ohio 1,093 Iowa 1,191 Wisconsin 1,371 Michigan 1,411 Missouri 1,542 Minnesota 1,703 New Jersey 1,804 Connecticut 2,382 Alabama 2,405 Arkansas 2,700 North Dakota 2,756 PennsylvaniaI read somewhere that, contrary to popular belief, Kansas is not the flattest state in the US. Instead, Florida is the flattest, and Kansas was several notches further down the list. (Update: Nevertheless, Kansas is literally flatter than a pancake. ... 7 thoughts on " Flattest US states " Leopold Bushkin. 29 December 2018 at 17:13Flattest States [Updated May 2023] Florida 345 Kentucky 388 Delaware 450 Louisiana 542 Mississippi 807 Rhode Island 814 Indiana 935 Illinois 958 Ohio 1,093 Iowa 1,191 Wisconsin 1,371 Michigan 1,411 Missouri 1,542 Minnesota 1,703 New Jersey 1,804 Connecticut 2,382 Alabama 2,405 Arkansas 2,700 North Dakota 2,756 PennsylvaniaAccording to the FAO’s data, which dates from 2008, several Pacific Island countries and territories have even higher obesity rates. Nauru (71.1 percent), the Cook Islands (64.1 percent) and the Marshall Islands (46.5 percent) all boast obesity rates well above those found in either Mexico or the United States.Which is the flattest state in the United States? The flattest is Florida, and Kansas isn’t even among the five flattest. In order of flatness: Florida, Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota, Delaware, Kansas. Is the state of Kansas flatter than a flapjack?According to the experts, the Salar de Uyuni is the flattest place on Earth. The spot is also the largest salt flat in the world, approximately measuring at the size of Jamaica. Salt in Salar de Uyuni lays from 9.8 to nearly 33 feet deep across the flats, meaning nearly 10 billion tons of salt rest within this region of Bolivia alone.Finally, the researchers used elevation data from the United States Geologic Survey to construct a west-to-east profile of Kansas. Unfortunately for Kansans, who have long touted local geographic features like the Flint Hills to dispute the flatness of the state, the researchers did determine that Kansas was indeed flatter than a pancake.And — guess what? Kansas didn’t even crack the top five U.S. states for flatness. By any measure, Florida takes the prize for the flattest state in the nation because the highest point in the state is only 345 feet above sea level. Then Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota and Delaware follow. Kansas merely ranks seventh in flatness.Elevation extremes of United States by state, district, and territory. Enlargeable U.S. map with state and territory high points shown as red dots and low points as green squares except where low point is a shoreline. …Sep 25, 2015 · Post by GaliWalker onSep 25, 2015 at 6:32am. Florida won, while "flat as a pancake" Kansas was only the 7th flattest, behind Florida, Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Delaware. What I found most surprising though was that West Virginia (which I hike in quite a bit) is the least flattest! Dear Tom, What is the flattest state in the United States? And the most mountainous? — Thomas Majora, Chicago Dear Thomas, Most people will guess that Kansas is the flattest state among the 50, but it’s not. The flattest is Florida, and Kansas isn’t even among the five flattest. In order of flatness...Feb 6, 2014 · And — guess what? Kansas didn’t even crack the top five U.S. states for flatness. By any measure, Florida takes the prize for the flattest state in the nation because the highest point in the state is only 345 feet above sea level. Then Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota and Delaware follow. Kansas merely ranks seventh in flatness. The United States was ranked the 15th fattest nation and Britain came in at 30. On the other hand, Vietnam is ranked as the skinniest nation — with just 18.3% of the people in Southeast Asia ...North Dakota is flatter than only two other states, according to new research, ... Study shows North Dakota is third flattest state. Jerry Burnes Williston Herald; Jun 20, 2014 Jun 20, 2014; Comments;The weight isn't evenly spread between countries. In the fattest countries, rampant weight gain is a pressing issue. American readers might be familiar, as the United States has the highest rate of obesity among developed countries. Fast food alone isn't to blame; the causes are vast and complex. The heaviest countries overall are in the Pacific.What are the top 10 flattest states? The flattest is Florida, and Kansas isn’t even among the five flattest. In order of flatness: Florida, Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota, Delaware, Kansas. So, Kansas is seventh-flattest, and Illinois — yes, Illinois — ranks second-flattest. Ranking states according to mountainous terrain is ... It is a web app that lets you find the flattest route between two locations on a map. It was originally developed for San Francisco, but will work for other locations too. You simply select start and end points and click "Go". It then finds you the flattest route between these two points. The path is color coded along the route according to the ...26. What is the flattest state in the United States? Show answer. Florida. 27. What is the largest estuary in the United States? Show answer. The Chesapeake Bay. 28 ... In Maine, July is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of 79°F and a low of 59°F. With an average daily temperature below 34°F, the cold season lasts for 3.3 months. January has the lowest average high and low temperatures throughout the year, at 8°F and 23°F, respectively. 5. Wyoming - 42.3°F.The name change was actually requested by Alaska back in 1975, but it wasn’t officially recognized by the U.S. government until 2015, coinciding with President Obama’s visit to the state. Denali isn’t the only massive mountain in Alaska, and the state is actually home to all 10 of the highest peaks found in the United States.Washington. Washington DC. West Virginia. Wisconsin. Wyoming. As you explore this alphabetical list of 50 states, take a moment to appreciate the rich tapestry of the United States . The U.S. territories are scattered across the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.Among the US states Florida is the flattest with a total relief of 345 feet. DC, Delaware and Louisiana are also impressively flat. Alaska is the most rugged with a relief of 20,310 feet. California, Washington and Hawaii are runners up. A full list and details can be sourced at the link below.What state in the United States has the most mountains? It’s actually the state in between them. According to the Great Falls Tribune, Nevada is the most mountainous state in the country. ... By any measure, Florida takes the prize for the flattest state in the nation because the highest point in the state is only 345 feet above sea level ...The joke of it is that the official Physiographic Regions of Kansas Map describes the majority of the state in terms of hills: Flint Hills, Red Hills, Smoky Hills, Chautauqua Hills, Osage Cuestas (Spanish for "hills").Population in the states of the U.S. 2020 California was the state with the highest resident population in the United States in 2020, with 39.37 million people. Wyoming had the lowest population with about 580,000 residents.Most states in the US are currently experiencing population growth. The greatest rate of growth at the start of 2023 belonged to Utah (1.50%), followed by Idaho (1.43%) and Texas (1.34%). By comparison, the state with the lowest population growth at the start of 2023 was West Virginia, whose population shrank by 0.33%.What is the flattest state in the United States? Illinois. North Dakota. Delaware. Florida. Play! Florida, along with unofficially holding the title of being the weirdest state in the United States of America, also officially holds the record as the flattest.In Maine, July is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of 79°F and a low of 59°F. With an average daily temperature below 34°F, the cold season lasts for 3.3 months. January has the lowest average high and low temperatures throughout the year, at 8°F and 23°F, respectively. 5. Wyoming - 42.3°F.Most states in the US are currently experiencing population growth. The greatest rate of growth at the start of 2023 belonged to Utah (1.50%), followed by Idaho (1.43%) and Texas (1.34%). By comparison, the state with the lowest population growth at the start of 2023 was West Virginia, whose population shrank by 0.33%. In fact, WalletHub ranks North Dakota as the state with the highest percent of overweight children. A CDC profile on the state found that 36.6% of adults are overweight and 31.0% are obese, and 40 ...Dear Thomas, An ad blocker has likely prevented this video content from loading. Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. Most people will guess …The United States is made up of 50 individual states that vary greatly in size. When talking about land area, Rhode Island ranks as the smallest. Yet, when we discuss population, Wyoming—the 10th largest state by area—comes in with the smallest population. All information used in this article is from World Atlas. Texas. Indiana. Nevada. Minnesota. Delaware. Those are the flattest states in the United States. Kansas, is also a very flat state. Also Read: Top 10 American States With The Highest IQ 2022. Subscribe To Our YouTube Channel.26. What is the flattest state in the United States? Show answer. Florida. 27. What is the largest estuary in the United States? Show answer. The Chesapeake Bay. 28 ... Aug 24, 2023 · Most Beautiful States in America. #15. Florida. Florida is the flattest state in the country, but what it lacks in mountainous terrain it makes up for in miles of sandy beaches, fascinating marshes, intriguing wildlife and breathtaking sunsets. The rest of the states that landed on the top 10 worst states to live and work for 2023 were: Texas. Oklahoma. Louisiana. South Carolina and Alabama (tie) —. Missouri. Indiana. Tennessee.For instance Alaska could be regarded as the highest state because Denali at 20 310 feet (6 190.5 m) is the highest point in the United States. Elevation table. State federal district or territoryWhat are the top 10 flattest states? The flattest is Florida, and Kansas isn’t even among the five flattest. In order of flatness: Florida, Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota, Delaware, Kansas. So, Kansas is seventh-flattest, and Illinois — yes, Illinois — ranks second-flattest. Ranking states according to mountainous terrain is ...In this article. Flattest States 2022 State % Flattest % Flat Kansas 6.00% 25.00% Texas 6.00% 26.00% Arkansas 5.00% 20.00% Indiana 5.00% 24.00% Is Texas mostly flat? As observed on the map, the land is mostly flat along the state’s coastline with the Gulf of Mexico, where various bayous, bays, islands, and saltwater marshes dominate the ...Another one of the many Florida facts is that it is the flattest state in the United States. It is located in the south-east of the United States bordered by the Gulf of Mexico on its western part. Florida also has a number of beaches as it has the Atlantic Ocean to its east along with the Bahamas. The majority of Florida, about two-thirds ...The U.S. is a vast landmass with many different geographical features. From tall mountains in ...24 Feb 2020 ... Illinois is a state in the Midwest region of the United States. It was the first area of flat grassland that the early pioneers encountered, ...Located in the Southeastern United States, the gulf state Mississippi is the 35th most populated state in the US, with a 2023 population of 2,959,473 people. Nicknamed the "Magnolia State" , Mississippi posted a net population decrease of -0.26% from 2010 to 2023—joining West Virginia (-4.16%) and Illinois (-0.18%) as the only three states to ...It is the seventh-largest country subdivision in the world. …Published Dec 22, 2021 We're making an argument for flat states - both Florida and Kansas offer plenty of views, but which one wins out? Which is the flattest state? Kansas with its …Dec 22, 2021 · Kansas is in fact not the flattest state - not by a long shot despite common perceptions about the Great Plains state. While much of Kansas is flat, much of it is actually hills and the Great Plains are not necessarily as flat as many people might think they are. Of the five flattest states in the United States Kansas is actually not one of them. May 31, 2022 · What is the flattest state in the United States? Florida By any measure, Florida takes the prize for the flattest state in the nation because the highest point in the state is only 345 feet above sea level. Then Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota and Delaware follow. Mount McKinley stands at a height of 20,320 feet (6,194 meters). However, Colorado has the highest altitude compared to other states.US States By Mean Elevation. Rank State Mean elevation (in feet, in meter) 1 Colorado 6,800 ft, 2070 m 2 Wyoming 6,700 ft, 2040 m 3 Utah 6,100 ft,1860 m 4 New Mexico 5,700 ft, 1740 m.

What is the flattest state in the United States? Illinois. North Dakota. Delaware. Florida. Play! Florida, along with unofficially holding the title of being the weirdest state in the United States of America, also officially holds the record as the flattest.. Cornado heights

what is the flattest state in the united states

Kansas ( / ˈkænzəs / ⓘ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. [10] Its capital is Topeka, and its most populous city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named after the Kansas River, which in turn was named after ...English What is the one prepositional phrase in this sentence Many people presume that Kansas is the flattest state in the nation ,but Florida is actually flatter. ... it is clear that "in the nation" is the prepositional phrase and that it is used to identify the location of the states. "In the nation" refers to the US. Learn more ...4. On average how many McDonalds are there per sq. mile in Manhattan. Only supersize when asked. Morgan's first rule. Only eat what McDonalds sells. Morgan's second rule. Have everything on the menu at least once. Morgan's third rule. Eat three meals a day.This is as tall as it gets in the country’s flattest state; Britton Hill is the lowest “high point” in the United States. Even Visit Florida is in on the joke, remarking online that, “You ...Technically, the flattest place on Earth is the Abyssal Plains under the ocean. These vast expanses of flat, featureless terrain rest at the deepest depths of the oceans and cover about 40-percent of the floor. These plains rest at 13,000 to 20,000 feet beneath the surface of the ocean. The flatness is uniform, created by the accumulation of ...4. On average how many McDonalds are there per sq. mile in Manhattan. Only supersize when asked. Morgan's first rule. Only eat what McDonalds sells. Morgan's second rule. Have everything on the menu at least once. Morgan's third rule. Eat three meals a day.Jul 19, 2020 · What are the flattest places on Earth oceanography? After the rise comes the abyssal plain , or the deep ocean floor, lying between 4500 – 6000 m. The abyssal plain includes most of the ocean floor, and is the flattest region on Earth. What are the flattest states? Flattest States in the United States. Florida. Illinois. North Dakota ... Florida is not in any immediate risk of sinking into the ocean, but it does face long-term risks of substantial subsidence due to its geology. Florida is has one of the lowest average elevations in the United States at 100 feet, and it is a...74 Interesting Facts About Florida. Florida is the 3rd most populous, the 22 nd most extensive, and the 8th most densely populated of the 50 states of the United States. It is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States. Florida attained statehood on March 3, 1845, becoming the 27 th state to join the union.Jan 27, 2023 · 7. Florida is the flattest state in the US. Despite its reputation as a tropical paradise, Florida is actually one of the flattest states in America. The highest point in the state is only 345 feet above sea level. This makes it an ideal place for cycling, running, and all sorts of outdoor activities. In the United States, a county or county equivalent is an administrative or political subdivision of a state which consists of a geographic region with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. [3] The term "county" is used in 48 states, while Louisiana and Alaska have functionally equivalent subdivisions called ...In this article. Flattest States 2022 State % Flattest % Flat Kansas 6.00% 25.00% Texas 6.00% 26.00% Arkansas 5.00% 20.00% Indiana 5.00% 24.00% Is Texas mostly flat? As observed on the map, the land is mostly flat along the state’s coastline with the Gulf of Mexico, where various bayous, bays, islands, and saltwater marshes dominate the ...It is the only state in the United States that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and it is home to the Everglades National Park, the largest subtropical wilderness in the country. ... The state is the flattest state in America. Florida’s mean elevation is only 100 feet. The state’s highest natural point, ...What is hypertension? high blood pressure. what is an average cholesterol? 200 or below. What is cholesterol? a waxy, fat like substance. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what is the fattest state in the time of this movie?, according to the latest statistics, what is the fattest state?, what is a calorie? and more.WHO takes a look at a list of the top 10 most overweight countries in the world. 10. Kuwait. Taking the bemusing title of 10th fattest country in the world, Kuwait is the only nation in the top 10 outside the South Pacific region. 42.8 percent of the population are considered to be obese, while a staggering 70 percent fall into the overweight ...Among the US states Florida is the flattest with a total relief of 345 feet. DC, Delaware and Louisiana are also impressively flat. Alaska is the most rugged with a relief of 20,310 feet. California, Washington and Hawaii are runners up. A full list and details can be sourced at the link below.North Dakota is not quite the flattest state in the U.S., but it's pretty close. (In one analysis, it placed third, after Illinois and Florida.) ... The United States could contain 3,066 Rhode ....

Popular Topics